VOCALISMS OF THE UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN, AND POLISH LANGUAGES

Анотація

Introduction. The article deals with the comparison of phonetics of the Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish languages. Articulatory, acoustic, and functional characteristics of the vowel sounds in three Slavic languages are analyzed. Purpose. The purpose of the article is the comparative analysis of the vowel systems of the Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish languages. Common and specific characteristics of the vowel phonemes and phonetic processes in the vowel systems are compared, the peculiarities of pronunciation and using of the vowel sounds in three Slavic languages are studied. Methods. Comparative analysis is the main method of the research. It’s aimed at finding common and specific characteristics of the compared languages on the phonetic level and in speech. Results. The vowel systems of the Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish languages differ on the quantity and quality of the vowel phonemes (there are 6 vowel phonemes in Ukrainian and 5 vowel phonemes in Russian (6 when «ы» is considered as a different phoneme), 8 phonemes are usually distinguished in Polish, among them there are two nasal phonemes that were lost in the East Slavic languages). Phonetic processes in the vowel systems of the Slavic languages differ, and that is reflected in speech. Common features in the using of the vowel sounds in the Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish languages are determined, and that’s important for orthography. Originality. The original aspect of the research is the complex comparison of the vowel sounds of three Slavic languages. Special attention is paid to the applied aspect – specific features in the pronunciation of these languages’ vowel sounds. Conclusion. The comparison of the sounds of the Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish languages helps to understand better the articulatory, acoustic, and functional characteristics of the vowel sounds of each language. The comparison deepens knowledge of phonetics of the foreign languages and the native language. The research of the consonant systems of three Slavic languages, their graphics, and orthography is considered to be promising