Cherkasy University Bulletin: Philological Sciences
Established in: 1997 Topics: Topical issues of literary criticism and the areas of the theory of literature, history of literature and comparative studies Abstract databases: Google Scholar (Bulletin of Cherkasy University. Philological Series, scholar.google.com), abstracts database Ukrainika Naukova (Bulletin of Cherkasy University. Philological Series, irbis-nbuv.gov.ua) ISSN: 2076-5770 State registration certificate: KV No. 21395-11195R dated 25.06.2015 Specialized scientific publication registration: Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine No. 747 dated 13.07.2015 Specialty according to State Accrediting Committee: 10 – Philological Sciences Frequency: 2 times per year Language of the publication: Ukrainian, English, Russian Founder: Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy Chief editor: Doctor of Economic Sciences Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Cherevko Deputy chief editors: O.O. Selivanova, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (executive editor of the Linguistics area); V.T. Polishchuk, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (executive editor of the Literary Criticism area) Executive secretary: V.V. Kalko, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor (executive secretary of the Linguistics area); Koretska M.V., Candidate of Philological Sciences (executive secretary of the Literary Criticism area) Editorial Board: Cherevko O.V., Doctor of Economic Sciences, prof. (Editor in Chief); Boechko F.F. Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Biological Sciences, prof. (deputy editor); Kornovenko S.V. Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof. (deputy editor); Kyryliuk Ye.M. Doctor of Economic Sciences, prof. (executive secretary); Arkhipova S.P. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, prof.; Bida O.A. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, prof.; Gnezdilova K.M. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, prof.; Golovnya B.P. Doctor of Technical Sciences, associate prof.; Husak A.M. Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, prof.; Desyatov T.M., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, prof.; Zemzyulina N.I. Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof.; Zhabotinskaya S.A., Doctor of Philology, prof.; Kuzminsky A.I. Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, prof.; Kukurudza I.I. Doctor of Economic Sciences, prof.; Lyzogub V.S., Doctor of Biological Sciences, prof.; Lyashenko Yu.O., Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, associate prof.; Marchenko O.V., Doctor of Philosophy, prof.; Masnenko V.V. Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof.; Minayev B.P. Doctor of Chemistry, prof.; Morozov A.G. Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof.; Perekhrest O.H., Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof.; Polishchuk V.T. Doctor of Philology, prof.; Selivanova O.O., Doctor of Philology, prof.; Chaban A.Yu., Doctor of Historical Sciences, prof.; Shpak V.P. Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, prof. Editorial Board of the Philological Sciences Series: Selivanova O.O., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (executive editor of the Linguistics area); Kalko V.V., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor (executive secretary of the Linguistics area); Polishchuk V.T., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (executive editor of the Literary Criticism area); Koretska M.V., Candidate of Philological Sciences (executive secretary of the Literary Criticism area); Baranov A., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (Lithuania); Bogdanovich G.Yu., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Velyvchenko V.F., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Gudmanyan A.G., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Donchik V.G., Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Zhabotinskaya S.A., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Kavun L.I., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Kalko M.I., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Kichenko O.S., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Kovalevska T.Yu., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Kravchenko N.K., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Lassan Ye.R., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (Estonia); Litvin I.M., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor; Limborsky I.V., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Martynova G.I., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Naenko M.K., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Ozerova N.G., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Panchenko V.E., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Paharenko V.I., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Pashis L.O., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor; Prykhodko A.M., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Romashchenko L.I., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor; Sobol V.O., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor (Poland); Chizhmarova M., Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor (Slovakia). Editorial office address: 18031, Cherkasy, Shevchenko Blvd., 81 Telephone: (0472) 35-53-95, (0472) 35-53-96 E-mail: visnuk_chnu@ukr.net, kaflit@ukr.net Publication web-site address (URL): http://philolog-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua
Черкаський національний університет імені Богдана Хмельницького
ETHNIC AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE: COGNITIVE BASE AND VERBAL REPRESENTATION
Introduction. In modern linguocultural studies one of the most complicated and discursive problems is language representation and organization of cultural knowledge in individuals’ consciousness, as well as in ethnic consciousness as virtual phenomenon encompassing most implemented conceptual structures, set of evaluations and means of world conceptualization, as well as inner reflexive experience comprising the collective spirit of an ethnos. Ethnos affiliation is determined by the cultural parameters of identification, i.e. ethnicity is connected to ethnocultural identity that leads to the formation of ethnocultural competence within the ethnic consciousness. Ethnocultural competence is considered as the system of ethnic cultural knowledge influencing all human activities, including communicative one. Purpose of the article is to explain the means of ethnocultural competence organization and the ways language signs obtain cultural content. Results. The main means of ethnocultural competence organization is the cultural code considered as fixed in certain forms meaning reflecting one of the most typical standardized feature of ethnos’ cultural specificity. Cultural megacodes of every nation are anthropic, natural and artefactual, each having different cultural codes. Codes have fuzzy ends, they are diffusively interrelated. One of the mechanisms of such interrelation is code reinterpretation on the basis of metaphorization as verbal representation of a code system by means of the signs from the other system. I reckon that the smallest unit of ethnocultural competence representation is seme or connotative meaning. It is important to analyze cognitive processes that form background of the ways language signs obtain cultural content. One of such processes is stereotyping conditioned by the necessity to preserve, transfer and accumulate cultural information, as well as by the selection of the most important fragments stipulated by constant renewal and dynamism. The second cognitive process of cultural content formation is when a sign obtains the function of precedent phenomenon naming. Such a phenomenon is the component of knowledge well-known to representatives of a certain ethnocultural community, it is topical and used in the cognitive and communicative aspects. The third process in cultural content formation is the symbolization of certain language signs that lack any cultural meaning in their primary meaning. Meaning of symbols cannot be decoded by means of simple mind efforts, as it is already formed, functions in the collective consciousness of a certain cultural group or ethnos and gets actualized in a certain communicative situation. Mythologization is the fourth cognitive process in cultural content formation. Ethnic myths are fictional ideas, embodied in ethnic consciousness and accepted doubtless by all ethnos representatives and do not need approval or denial. Myths together with symbols can have archetypical background. Usage of archetypical images in speech represents the fifth process in cultural content formation called archetypization. The sixth process in the cultural content formation is conceptualization realized in building culturally important knowledge structures. Conclusion. Cognitive background of ethnocultural competence is formed by stereotypes, cultural concepts, precedent phenomena, ethnic myths, archetypes of collective unconscious, content volume of symbols. These knowledge structures namings form cultural codes. Language signs are one of cultural codes exponents. The smallest unit of cultural content representation is seme or connotative meaning. Ethnocultural competence is a means of preserving and transferring ethnic cultural tradition, the parameter of ethnos activity self-organization.
Copyright (c) 2019 Cherkasy University Bulletin: Philological Sciences
METRE AND RHYTHM SEMANTICS IN TRANSLATION STUDIES PERSPECTIVES
Introduction. The article deals with semantic load bearing by metre and rhythm as poetry form means as a result of historical development within literature and culture tradition. Poem metrical form sign nature, its constant historically shaped semantic side that signalizes introduction of certain theme in certain interpretation as well as its preserving influence an adequate original poem form and content harmony reconstruction in translation are considered. Purpose. The present article aims to reveal the process and means of creation of macroimage structure form components semantics, namely metre and rhythm, and to investigate transformations they cause in translation. Methods. The multi-faceted and complex nature of poetical metre and rhythm semantics, the diversity of its linguistic realizations and the aims set above have determined it necessary to employ translatological method being a complex of methods and techniques of analysis. Results. Major attention in the article is focused on poetry forms semantics importance for the development of translation studies that considers translation as intercultural interaction as well as on the fact that only mastering that or other formal-expressive phenomena code of original poem enables to find translation functional analogues. The strategic essence of poetic translation is viewed here through the prisms of a poem structure transformation and poem translation process is considered to be its macroimage structure reimplementation by the target language means through the reconstruction of structure image components with preserving their semantic associative fields. Originality. The originality of the present article is seen in the generalized research of essentials that form metre and rhythm semantics of the source poem and the problem of its reproduction in translation as well as in identifying factors that make an impact on the translation adequacy. Conclusion. Poem metrical form performs a sign function, it has constant historically created semantic side signalizing the recipient of certain theme introduction. Metre and rhythm semantics has both historical and organic correlations with autosemantic and subsematic (implied sense) images, as well as with of the same level synsemantic images. Once semantic function of metre or other original poem form means is not rendered in translation, the image structure of the poem is ruined and the translation doesn’t reach the rank of being adequate. Sometime an opposite phenomena is observed in translation when original form and content harmony is not kept as a result of a form element semantic shift, that is being mechanically transferred into the target language it performs a stylistic function it did not in the source language and thus distorts the authors concept. To avoid a poem form and content correlation translators more often render not metre but rhythm since it has tighter bounds with a poem content. But in case original metre semantics is obvious its functional analogue is to be found.
METAPHOR IN THE ORIGINAL TEXT AND THE TRANSLATION OF THE NOVEL «TANGO OF DEATH» BY YURIY VYNNYCHUK
Introduction. The article deals with the problem of translation of metaphor as a component of writer’s individual style. Purpose. The main ways of conveying metaphor described in Theory of Translation are researched. The using of metaphors in the Russian translation of the novel «Tango of Death» by modern Ukrainian writer Yuriy Vynnychuk is analyzed. Metaphor is determined as the most productive and creative way of language enrichment, when the signs of one conceptual domain are used in terms of another, which is similar to it in some way. Results. The translator N. Fomina translates metaphors successfully, this is really important because metaphors are the essential component of writer’s individual style. N. Fomina preserves original metaphors by means of finding equivalent in the target language or using different transformations: metaphorization, demetaphorization, transmetaphorization, replacement of component of donor domain. Originality. The typologies of methods which show how to translate metaphors in Theory of Translation of Y. Retsker, P. Newmark, V. Komisarov, O. Schweitzer and O. Selivanova are characterized. The main features of these classifications are highlighted. We consider that these classifications don’t contradict each other, but they have different foundation and complement each other, that is why they can serve for better understanding of cognitive mechanism of metaphor translation. Conclusion. All these translation methods help to preserve imagery of the original text in its translation and keep balance of denotative, connotative and pragmatic information in the original text and its translation. The research of cognitive mechanism in translation of different types of conceptual metaphors is considered significant for the follow-up analysis.
GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS OF THE CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH PROSE
Introduction. Grammatical aspects in translating any supposed texts mean much for the efficiency of interpreting and reproducing the translated messages both in oral and written translation which generally means applying grammatical transformations to obtain the functional equivalence of literary texts. Methods of tackling the grammatical equivalence introduced by Prof. O. Selivanova include morphological and syntactical analyses of the extracts given as well as instances of addition and omission as means of analyzing the transformed structures and adapting them in the Ukrainian literary contexts. With this effect, the article regards the selected fragments in the aspect of grammatical substitutions including transformations in translating parts of speech, in substituting grammatical categories of gender and number of nouns, or verbal tense and aspects forms. Syntactical transformations appear as well possible and proficient including partitioning and merging syntactic units, substituting elements of syntactic meaning and sentence type. Purpose. Sense of observing and tackling the phenomenon of grammar equivalence in the translated texts and their original counterparts lies in achieving completely eligible literary translations so that they would be perceived as the source work. The article deals with a number of fragments and examples from the 20th century English literature regarded in the grammar translation aspect. Methods. The article applies the contrastive methods to establish the differences in form and contents of the two-language comparative analysis, as well as descriptive passages, to fuller explain and provide the illustrative items. Results. Though grammatical background seems to be rather inconspicuous in terms of general stylistic effect of translating literary texts, its structural role is quite meaningful and brings new or altered senses into the narration. The paper proved grammatical aspect to be one of the most important for understanding and estimating the imagery of both texts under consideration. Originality. The transformation processes are regarded in a new perspective, that of a new approach to the problems of equivalence and adequate translation in the literary context, being supported with modern views on lingual and cognitive phenomena in the evolving communicative activity throughout the global functional and translating practices. Conclusion. Functional and stylistic equivalence is obviously perceived to be achieved through numerous translation devices including grammatical transformations associated with several types of changes, most of which lie within the inner and contextual meaning of the lexical units and grammatical phenomena in imagery of the text.
CATEGORY ASPECT AND CONTEXT: ASPECTUAL RELEVANT SYNTAXEMES
Introduction. An analysis of achievements in the field of aspectology confirms the presence of a whole spectrum of research perspectives; in our opinion, one of the priority ones is the need for an integrated approach to the description of the category of aspectality as a dynamic, integration, multiplan phenomenon taking into account the dependence of the ascetic behavior of verbs on the features of their lexical semantics, and consequently, and reflected in it the objective features of extra-language situations. This determines the expediency of studying the grammar of the аspect not in isolation, but due to its inextricable connection with other components of aspectuality: aspects significant components of the lexical meaning of the verb and aspects relevant components of the external context (syntaxems, other grammatical and functional grammar categories), defining for the species behavior of the verb. Purpose. The problem of the aspects that are relevant to syntaxems as a manifestation of the interaction of a category of aspects with the external context in Ukrainian linguistics is poorly investigated, which convinces in the need for further linguistic study of the mechanism of interaction of the system and the environment in the realm of the category of the aspects of the Ukrainian verb, the establishment of the repertoire of aspectual important syntaxes, which is the purpose of this article. Methods. Integrated аspect diagnostics as integration methodology, which involves the purposeful use of logical, component, word-forming, oppositional and distributive analysis, selection of the corps of fragments discourse. Results. Aspectual relevant syntaxems appear in the study as predicative, substantive and adverbial, each of which has a number of specific semantic-syntactic delegates. Aspectual significance of syntaxems can be identified: 1) in the delimitation of parity vs the oddity of lexical-semantic variants of verbs; 2) in the contextual support of particle-like functions of the аspects; 3) in the derivation of derivative-morphological semantics of the subclasses of verbs (verbal actions). Originality. The objectivist approach to the study of the category of aspectality and аspect in linguistic-Ukrainian studies is outlined only in general terms, which convinces in the need for further linguistic study of the mechanism of interaction between grammar and vocabulary and the context in the domain of the аspect of the Ukrainian verb. Therefore, the central problem of the article is precisely the problem of the dependence of the specific characteristics of verbs on the specifics of their external context. Conclusion. Prospects for further research are related to the addition of syntaxes to the repertoire and the analysis of other components of the context. Analysis the aspect associated with the discovery of a specific specificity of the species behavior of the verbs in view of various factors of influence: paradigmatics, syntagmatics, pragmatics.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE MODERN TERMINOLOGY ISSUES
Introducton. English entomonyms constitute a special layer of the English vocabulary – the term system, that is a set of words and compounds, providing the nomination of the basic concepts of a particular area of knowledge and field of activity, connected by logical, semantic and other relations. Any term system is the object of study of terminology – a chapter of lexicology that studies principles of the organization of term systems, mechanisms for term creation, requirements to terms, as well as solves applied issues of ordering and codification of term systems and their correspondences in different languages. The approach to investigating terms not only as elements of a term system, but also as a means of linguistic expression of scientific thinking in communication is of particular importance for developing semantics of the term; it is the most perspective direction in terminology. Purpose. The article aims at establishing the issues of modern terminology in terms of the fundamentals of cognitive science, and delineating the main principles of term creation on the material of the English nomenclature insect names. Results. Cognitive terminology is based on the theoretical potential of the traditional branch of terminology. However, despite the development of aspects of the latter, some issues remain controversial. Thus, the definitively insoluble issue of modern terminology is the definition of the term. Numerous attempts made by linguists to give definition to the term that would satisfy all conditions, proved to be unproductive, obviously because of the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon. In our research we adhere to the definition of the term on the basis of its properties to meet the needs of a particular sphere, taking into account the cognitive ability of this concept. No less important in modern terminology is the traditional problem of requirements to the term. These are consistency; compliance with the designated concept; euphony, easiness in pronunciation; tendency to monosemy and concretization within a term system, as well as to transparency of internal forms considering high informative value; rigid conventionality; stylistic neutrality; involvement in appropriate system of concepts of a particular field; compliance with language standards; accuracy, etc. The next controversial issue of traditional terminology is the distinction between the term and the nomen as a nomenclature sign. Nomenclature names differ from the terms by a number of features and formal characteristics: the object of designation, the method of designation, the function of designation, as well as the method of systematization and quantitative indicators. The correlation between the nomenclature and the term system is still a controversial issue of terminology: in some cases, the nomenclature is opposed to the terminological system, and in others – former is included in the latter as its specific form. The nomenclature insect names investigated in this article, are a part of the entomological term system in which these names coexist with the Latin names for designation of insect taxons (international names). In contrast, English entomonyms are considered as common names. Common names that exist to identify insects within the English language system are more stable. Thus, denying the general ambiguity and synonymy in terminology, scientists recognize the need to preserve national names along with international terms. In order to ensure the stability, accuracy and universality of international names of living organisms, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature approved the rules for assigning such names to animals, in particular insects. Originality. We were the first to investigate the English entomological nomenclature in perspective of the modern terminology issues. Conclusion. Formal syntactic requirements to national insect names, as well as to any term, do not define connecting mechanisms of their creation and correlation of form and content. In order to clarify this correlation with the scientific world view of a particular industry, it is necessary to apply the analysis of the motivational nature of term designation, which is established by using the method of cognitive onomasiological analysis.
ABOUT SOME SPECIALTIES OF MORPHOLOGY WAY OF TECHNIC TERM FORMING IN AZERBAIJAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
Introduction. Word-formation in the Russian and Azerbaijani languages іs the main tools for enrichment of vocabulary, which reflects the picture of the status of the language: the richer and more multifarious the vocabulary, the richer and more developed the language is. Рurpose of the article is to disclose and analyze peculiarities of word-formation in the Russian and Azerbaijani languages. Мethods of the analysis, synthesis, abstraction are used in the article. Results. In modern Russian there are the following types of word formation of nouns: suffixal, prefixal, and prefixal-suffixal. Technical terms are formed accordingly on the same models. There are no prefixes in the Azerbaijani language; nouns formed in Russian by either prefix or prefix and suffix are morphologically formed according to the grammatical structure of the Azerbaijani language. Originality. Since the grammatical structure of the language and its basic vocabulary form the basis of the language, the essence of its specifics, the laws of modern Russian word formation, including terminology, are closely related to both the grammatical structure of the Russian language and its inherent grammatical categories and form, and with the lexical, (vocabulary) system of the Russian language, with its main vocabulary and vocabulary as a whole in their interaction. Conclusion. The study of the suffix word-formation of nouns in the Russian language and affixal word-formation in the Azerbaijani language shows that from the basics of simple verbs, for example: yazmaq (write), qazmaq (drill), biçmək (znat, reap) nouns affix –çı, -çi, -çü, -çu, but after the formation of nominal bases with other affixes, for example: qazımaçı (driller), qoruq-çu (guard), biçinçi (reaper).
NON-VERBAL SOMATIC COMPONENTS IN THE MODERN AZERBAIJAN LANGUAGE
Introduction. Somatic components that are closely related to the meaning and grammatical aspects are structurally stable. Somatic components cover most of the phraseological connections. One of the sides of somatic components is the phraseological units that are formed by the names of the members of the body. Рurpose of the article is to disclose and analyze peculiarities of non-verbal somatic components in modern Azerbaijan language. Мethods of the analysis, synthesis, abstraction are used in the article. Results. Many world linguists have put forward a number of different views in terms of the structure of phraseology. However, they did not put forward a fundamentally different point of view. In general, somatic components do not differ from the structure of free phrases and sentences. Thus, a somatic phraseological combination of somatic phraseological units bearing the nature of the phrase and meaning can be called somatic phraseological sentences expressing the idea of a somatic phraseological unit expressing a constructive sentence. Originality. In general, somatic components do not differ from the structure of free phrases and sentences. Thus, a somatic phraseological unit, a combination of somatic phraseological units bearing the nature of the phrase and meaning, can be called somatic phraseological sentences expressing the idea of a somatic phraseological unit expressing a constructive sentence. Conclusion. Most of the somatic components used in the Azerbaijani language are derived from a somatic word, mainly by combining two, three, four or more words in different syntactic relations. The main feature that distinguishes non-verbal somatic components from verbal somatic components is that they consist of the names of the particles that make them up.
THE OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE OF MODERN ENGLISH AND WORD FORMATION ISSUES
Introduction. The article is devoted to word formation in the official business style of the English language. The article gives a classification of word formation methods. The lexical, morphological and syntactic ways of forming words in this style are analyzed sequentially. Specific methods of word formation for each of the sub-styles of the official business style are indicated. Purpose of the article is to disclose and analyze peculiarities official business style of modern English. Methods of the analysis, synthesis and abstraction are used in the article. Results. Morphological way of word formation (by means of affixes, formation of complex words, conversion and abbreviations), as a whole, is characteristic of the English language. Here, both productive and unproductive affixes are noted. In English, conversion is the most common way. The study of word-formation models in the vocabulary of the official business style reveals the direction of development of the language in this field. Originality. The process of verbalization is especially noted here. In the lexical-semantic method, terms formed by the method of constriction, expansion and metonymic transfer of the basic value are analyzed. In addition, the processes of terminology, determinologization and interrogation are considered. It is noted that most of the terms used in legal terminology are borrowed. Conclusion. The new vocabulary of the official business style of the English language is formed in various ways: lexical, morphological and syntactic. With the lexical method, conversion, in particular verbalization, is particularly productive. In the legal and military sub-styles the lexical-semantic method is represented by the narrowing and widening of the basic meaning of words. A number of military terms were transferred to the administrative sub-style, in particular, in the area of business. Insofar as legal, diplomatic, and military sub-styles are more susceptible to social change, they can be traced to a large number of borrowings. English vocabulary of official business style can be formed by suffixing, prefixing and prefixing-suffixing ways (morphological method). The syntactic method by which complex words are formed includes various models. In most cases, the noun is assumed to be an indispensable component of these models.
LANGUAGE AS A MEANS OF MANIPULATIVE IMPACT (on the example of the English-language political media discourse)
Introduction. This article exposes manipulative impact of the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, represented by English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to disclose the role of language in exerting a manipulative impact in the frame of the political media discourse in question. Results. The article holds that immanent chacarteristics of language and its units, in particular lexical and syntactic, make it possible to covertly (manipulatively) affect public consciousness, shaping or changing it. It also shows that the language of the political media discourse differes from the ordinary, every-day language in the way information is presented, i.e. facts and events are named and assessed. Thus, a purposeful use of nominative, axiological, and rhetorical linguistic means makes it possible to covertly insert in people’s mind certain ideas, values, and beliefs, which is a manipulative impact on the public consciousness. Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the political media discourse. The article contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its communicative, pragmatic and linguistic-pragmatic characteristics. The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of the role of quazi-linguistic and extra-linguistic means that, by accompanying linguistic means, are used to exert a manipulative impact on public consciousness. Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine that represent the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016 typically exert a manipulative impact on public consciousness. It is done by a purposeful use of linguistic means that provide various interpretations of concrete facts, political events, and social reality with the aim to orchestrate their understanding and evaluation.
FUNCTIONALS OF NARVATIVE INFINITIV IN THE FRENCH-LANGUAGE PRESS
Introduction. The article analyzes the functions of narrative infinitiv in the french-language and its use in journalism. Purpose. The author stresses on the importance of the ability to use the narratives properly in the press and to identify them in journalistic materials. Results. The use of infinitive in a journalistic discourse that meets editorial standards can reveal different aspects of quoted statements and forms of indirect speech. Using the infinitive as an editorial, the author often moves from "monstersization" of the text to an illusive statement, and vice versa, because the infinitive is easily accompanied by the process of theatricalization of indirect statements. Conclusion. Using the narrative infinitive, we observe underscoring the specific frameworks of the event, this form accompanies the narrative turn in the narrative, the transition between the two statements, or the change in the sequence of indirect messages.
Introduction. Recently, among the population, there has been an increase in interest in religious life, in particular, in the genres of church-religious eloquence, among which a special place is preaching. Everyone knows the fact that the priest speaks a sermon for many listeners. Of course, all listeners aren’t highly educated and they don’t know religious teachings well. So, the language of sermons should be simple so that it should be understood by a wide range of listeners. Along with simplicity in the church sermon, it seems that there should be emotionality, expressiveness. Sermons should have a spiritual influence on listeners. Church sermons contain advice. They should be interesting. Sermons develop the outlook and knowledge of parishioners. Today the language of Ukrainian sermons is not sufficiently studied. This question isn’t fully resolved, and therefore is relevant. Purpose.The purpose of the article is to reveal the emotional and expressive color of the lexis of modern Ukrainian sermons. To achieve the goal such a specific task has been put forward: to analyze the emotionally colored lexis which is inherent in a sermon as a genre of church-religious eloquence. The object of the research is emotionally colored lexis, which is mentioned in Ukrainian sermons. The subject of the research is the language world of modern Ukrainian sermons. Results. In this article the questions about using emotive lexis in modern Ukrainian sermons have been studied. The author has selected such emotive lexis, which, no doubt, gives this genre of the church-religious eloquence emotionality, expressivity and expressiveness. Originality. In this article the questions about using emotive lexis in modern Ukrainian sermons have been researched for the first time. That’s why these questions are original. Conclusion. So, emotionally colored lexis occupies a leading place in the creation of expressiveness of utterance. It concerns both the lexis which denotes certain emotions (love, anger, envy, malice, irritation, etc.) and the lexical units, in the sense of which there is an emotional and evaluative component that can be positively (solidarity, associate, etc.) or negatively (default, occupier, concentration camp, hypocrite, pharisee, traitor, etc) connotated and most of such expresses have the inertial expressiveness of a negative evaluative plan. In modern sermons there are the adherent expressive words (divorce, drinking, etc.) and single slang lexemes which in the conditions of functioning in religious discourse are a means of showing the effect of novelty and become expressive. In further researches it is expedient to trace the world of modern Ukrainian sermons, in particular their emotional and expressive means.
PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF UKRAINIAN PROVERBS
Introduction. Proverbs as linguistic symbols, which have a special corelation between of content and form, are characterized by a specific pragmatics, which implies an expression of an intentional strategy of an influence of a generalized, collective addresser on a collective, hypothetical addressee. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to describe the methodology of the pragmatic analysis of Ukrainian proverbs. Methods. The method of pragmatic analysis of proverbs incorporates studies of psycho-, ethno-, sociolinguistics, linguistics of the text, linguosemiotics, linguoculture etc., with a purpose of describing speech acts. The essence of pragmatic analysis is to study human communication dimensions as well as its connections with the language structures. The purpose of the pragmatic analysis in the research – describtion of the proverb features as the speech acts of the Ukrainian language. Results. Proverbs are fixed linguistic symbols reproduced by the speaker, which are characterized by a communicative purpose, given by the collective addressee – by a folk. They are purposeful speech actions, speech acts of which prompt to study the peculiarities of their pragmatics. The presence of independent illocutions forces in proverbs transforms them into speech acts, which is also the evidence of the discursive nature of the proverbial semiosis. Originality. The proposed method of pragmatic analysis of proverbs involves several stages. The first stage is the installation of illocations of the proverb. Depending on the intention, proverb statements can gain semantic status of affirmation, ascertaining, promise, warning, threat, order, requirement, advice, etc. The second stage involves a description of the locutionary implemented through the performance of three actions: combination of phonetic, phatic and rhetic acts. The performance of the sound structure of the paronymous utterance is reproducing during the phonetic act, lexico-grammatical structure of the paramyal statement is involved in the process of the phatic act, and meaning and a reference correlation – in the rhetic act. The third stage is an establishment of the perlocative effect of the proverb. First of all, it is used a depicted communication (the term I. Arnold). The perlocution of the proverbial utterance is directed by the external effects of the speech act, which are represented primarily in the response of the addressee. It is in the specific conditions of performance that the illocution of the proverb appears as a result of locution, as an argument and perlocution, which, by employing semantics, is oriented on the result of communication. The fourth stage of the pragmatic analysis is the clarification whether a direct or indirect speech act is performed by a proverb. Conclusion. The pragmatic analysis of the proverbs makes it possible to describe proverbs as speech acts that reflect the specifics of the ethnocommunication, to interpret their illocution, depending on a situation.
SEARCH SYSTEM AND POWER AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR EXPLORING THE SEMANTIC OF WORDS
Introduction. The emergence of the Internet and the creation of the body of texts of different national languages significantly simplified the preparatory, but extremely important for further deployment of the study stage. It is enough for the researcher to enter the corresponding word body into the search engine in order to obtain the full index of its own word forms in the nearest and extended contexts with the corresponding addressing. Creating an empirical research base in this way provides a minimum of effort and time to aggregate data, which at the same time will increase significantly. On one hand, it simplified and facilitated, but, on the other hand, it complicated the process of analysis and comprehension of such an amount of examples. Purpose. Find out the capabilities of the search engine and the body of the language in the study of changing the semantics of words. Methods. According to research material in the scientific studies, the following methods are used: descriptive (linguistic techniques of observation and generalization), component analysis method (including analysis of dictionary definitions), method of contextual analysis and method of comparative analysis. Results. An important feature of the Internet as a linguistic source is the ability to directly refer to the contexts in which the use of the right word is recorded. This is important for the transition from quantitative characteristics to qualitative, from the abstract invariant, represented in the quantitative coefficient of the word, to its semantic, stylistic and other variants. However, for today, unfortunately, search engines need to be improved, since it is not known how to streamline the search results, it would be nice if the filters of what we are looking for would work. Or linguists need to create their own, specialized search engines, oriented to the fulfillment of scientific tasks. Originality. The variants of the use of search engines GOOGLE, META, SHUKALKA, the Body of texts of the Ukrainian language on the portal mova.info and the buildings of Slavic languages or research purposes are illustrated by the example of semantic innovations. As a result, the format of the database of neosemanticisms is proposed.Conclusion. Перспективу подальших наукових пошуків убачаємо в дослідженні функціонального потенціоналу семантичних інновацій. Conclusion. The prospect of further scientific research is seen in the study of the functional potential of semantic innovations.