SYNTAXIC EXPRESSION OF IMPERSONAL CONCEPTS IN FRENCH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

Impersonal concepts tries to make a linguistic cultural and semantic analysis of phraseological units of the two languages. Signs of syntactic concepts presented in the  semantic space of speech should be considered structural schemes of simple sentence with fixed relations between components in the role of the subject and predicate The purpose of the article is devoted to the analysis of the semantic-cognitive approach to the consideration of constructions for the determination of the ratio of impersonal syntactic concepts of different-language languages. In the process of translating from French into Ukrainian and from Ukrainian to French, we could not but pay attention to the back of the pronoun il, the variety of ways to translate into Ukrainian, and the use of translation of a wide range of Ukrainian language constructs. Methods. Structural, analytical, comparative, componental. Results. Semantics determined by means of comparison of stereotypical cultural realities of the languages under study clearly reflects the historic development and perception of the Ukrainian and French nations. The research also shows a certain degree of linguistic cultural closeness of the Ukrainian and French languages. In the paper the most obvious cultural connotations for each classified field are specified. Originality. The theory of syntactic concepts, derived from the cognitive nature of syntactic structures, allows a new approach to the analysis of the formal and semantic component of Ukrainian monosyllabic, bi-complex, and French two-component sentences – statements. Conclusion. Thus, whole series of Ukrainian modal words are conveyed by constructions il faut, il semble, il paraît, il peut (se peut), il doit, which clearly testifies to the absence of a structural scheme in the Ukrainian language for the transfer of the syntactic concept to the modus of a particular subjective evaluation. This is manifested in some apparent chaotic relations of the linguistic means of the original and translation.